A moated fortress, Amer is a blend of Rajasthani and Mughal architecture. It stands atop a hill, and you can ascend by car, on foot, or atop a richly painted elephant. We walked up and reached the Bhairon Gate (elephant dung all over!) and beyond that, the Suraj Pol ("Sun Gate"). Amer’s stone exterior is boring, but once past Suraj Pol, you realize why Amer is considered one of India’s loveliest forts.
Amer was made by Maharaja Man Singh in 1590 and added to by his successors right up to Jai Singh in 1724. A 12km boundary wall with eight watchtowers surrounds palaces, pavilions, courtyards, and gardens. In the centre is the parade ground, surrounded by stables and a drum house. Below are underground water tanks; Kesar Bagh ("Saffron Garden"), where they once tried to grow saffron (!); and a maze of 140 servants’ quarters connected by 560 paths.
We hired a guide, who took us up a wide staircase into a courtyard, where the Hall of Public Audience, the Diwan-e-Aam, stands. It’s a pavilion of red sandstone and white marble, with a double row of elegant columns and lovely latticework. Beyond it is the intricately painted Ganesh Pol gate, dedicated to the elephant-headed Hindu god. Our guide showed us how the gate’s frescoes were created, with the design painted in vegetable dyes on wet lime, allowed to dry, and then repainted onto a second layer of lime, and so on, making it sun-proof.
After the Ganesh Pol, a beautiful door of sandalwood, ivory, and buffalo horn, (supposedly copied from a Persian carpet gifted by the Mughal Emperor Jehangir) leads into the palace. The palace has ramps instead of staircases because the Maharanis here wore such heavy brocades and jewellery that they had to be wheeled around in rickshaws! The rickshaw of Maharani Chandramukhi is displayed here -- she reputedly wore 23 kg of finery!
On the ground level, the main hall is Sukh Niwas ("Abode of Happiness") with white marble and painted lime -- delicate channels are carved into the floor for water to flow and cool the room in the scorching summers.
Beyond that, up the ramp and on the upper level is the Maharani’s summer palace, with its pretty white marble jaalis (filigree windows). Part of this was a Queen’s "swing room," where she’d sit on a swing, attended by her handmaids.
The Sheesh Mahal below this room was the Maharaja’s Sheesh Mahal, and was also known as Jai Niwas, Jai Mandir, or Diwan-e-Khas (Hall of Private Audience). Used by the Maharaja and his senior courtiers, this is the largest of its kind in India -- an exquisitely decorated hall of convex mirrors, lime-plaster, stucco, glass and gold leaf, and Belgian stained glass, with a white marble and black stone dado. Amer is worth seeing just for this.
Entrance fees to Amer are Rs 20 per person (foreigners) and Rs 10 (Indians).