Phi Phi Island is in extreme southern Thailand, and chances are you're in Bangkok.
By far the most efficient way to get to Phi Phi island is to fly to Phuket on Thai Airways. You can buy a ticket for less than $100 round trip, sometimes much cheaper if you buy it from a travel agent in Bangkok. However, if you're in Thailand because it's one of the cheapest places on earth to visit, your primary budget option is the bus.
There is one first class bus each day from the Southern bus terminal in Bangkok to Phuket and it costs about $10 each way. It leaves at 7pm (subject to change!) and the trip takes a grueling 14 hours. (Or you can fly it in 1 hour for $40 more each way!) There are cheaper buses to Phuket from Bangkok, and I heartily recommend them if you're looking for cultural experience. However, it will take you at least a full, hot, muggy, smelly day to get to Phuket and you just might get your wallet nabbed when you finally pass out from exhaustion!
When you arrive at the airport there is a "Tourist Desk" that will sell you taxi fare and ferry fare in one ticket. This is all fine and good if you like to be ultra prepared.
If you're on the cheap, just walk outside the airport, grab a cab and ask him to take you to the ferry terminal for Phi Phi. There are several ferries, he'll take you to the one that pays him a commission to bring in tourists. Agree on the price beforehand. If it's more than 80 baht ($2), then he's ripping you off. Don't be afraid to haggle.
Once at the ferry terminal (don't expect anything more than a deck of rotted wood floating in foul, polluted water) you can purchase your ticket. Look for prices marked at the ticket window. If there are none, you can haggle. Prices in 2001 ranged from 300B ($6.50) to 500 baht ($11) each way, depending on the speed of the boat.
Don't expect the boat to be a luxury liner, either. Your baggage will be taken and piled in a corner and you can either sit below deck in a theoretically airconditioned main cabin, or smear on some sunscreen and sit up top enjoying the view of polluted canals filled with dead fish and dead animals and watching your ferry belch oil into the water. Once you get clear of Phuket's canals, though, you'll hit the brilliantly blue water for which Thailand is famous. It's just sad to see the trail of oil your boat leaves behind. It takes no more than 2 hours to reach Phi Phi.
When you get there, you're let off at the main pier in Ton Sai, the only village on Phi Phi, where you'll be accosted by longtail boatmen wondering where you'd like to go. Make sure you know where you want to stay before you arrive.
Boat fares to Long Beach (the area I always stay) should be no more than 40B ($1) per person, and if your boatman asks more, demand 40B or tell him you'll find another boatman. He'll give in. Boat fares to other remote beaches skyrocket to 200B and more.
PLEASE NOTE THAT DURING MONSOON SEASON (June through September), boats to Phi Phi may not run at all for weeks at a time due to rough sea conditions.
NOW...there's a cheaper way.
Krabi is a town directly across the bay from Phi Phi on the opposite side from Phuket. Since Krabi has not yet been developed as much as Phuket, prices here are much cheaper. You can fly to Krabi roundtrip for under $80, sometimes even less, and taxi to the pier should be about $0.50. Bus fare is $10 first class from Bangkok or $7 in 2nd class airconditioned. The ferry from Krabi to Phi Phi costs 150B ($3.30) but leaves only twice a day (10am and 2pm).
Plus, the scenery around Krabi is much more spectacular than Phuket and far less polluted. So if you have more time, use Krabi as a transit. Transportation in and out of Phuket is extremely frequent, though, and makes for a more "efficient" trip.
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