As a kid growing up in the Chicago area, I remember many Sunday family outings to some of the great museums that city has to offer: the Museum of Science and Industry, the Field Museum, Adler Planetarium, Shedd Aquarium, and the Art Institute of Chicago. The latter became my favorite. I came to love its incredible collection of French impressionist paintings. Over time, the names became as familiar to me as Maris and Mantle: Monet, Renoir, Cezanne, Degas, Gauguin, van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec, Seurat, Pissarro, Sisley. I learned that many of them knew each other, which seemed incredible to me even then. When I was a little older I'd learned that Paris, and more specifically Montmartre, was was the
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As a kid growing up in the Chicago area, I remember many Sunday family outings to some of the great museums that city has to offer: the Museum of Science and Industry, the Field Museum, Adler Planetarium, Shedd Aquarium, and the Art Institute of Chicago. The latter became my favorite. I came to love its incredible collection of French impressionist paintings. Over time, the names became as familiar to me as Maris and Mantle: Monet, Renoir, Cezanne, Degas, Gauguin, van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec, Seurat, Pissarro, Sisley. I learned that many of them knew each other, which seemed incredible to me even then. When I was a little older I'd learned that Paris, and more specifically Montmartre, was was the hub of creativity for many of them. Later, I began to appreciate more 20th century artists such as Modigliani, Matisse, and Picasso. And once again, Montmartre was a common thread for some of them.
So with that as a backdrop, I am in Paris and heading for Montmartre on a sunny but cold December day with my two friends Silvia and Susana. On one hand I'm a tourist, wanting to see some of the usual tourist sights anyone who's in Paris for the first time wants to see, such as the Sacré-Coeur and the Place du Tertre. On the other hand I want to explore the butte where these artists lived. To walk the streets they walked, see the houses where they lived, the places where they hung out, and the scenes they painted. Wondering if seeing it today might help me imagine what Montmartre would've been like decades ago when they lived here.
We exit the Anvers metro stop and walk up the hill past the carousel, and make the obligatory stop at the Sacré-Coeur. After we spend a few minutes there, we walk toward the Place du Tertre and stop for crepes at a stand near the square. There are alot of people milling about, the artists hawking their wares, eyeing the crowd for their next customer, much as I suspect the pickpockets must be seeking out their next victim, only the latter using greater discretion.
Where rue des Salues meets rue Cortot we find Au Lapin Agile, which served as a favorite hangout for many writers and artists including Pablo Picasso, Amedeo Modigliani, and Maurice Utrillo, who painted it numerous times. At that time it was known as the Cabaret des Assassins. It's alleged Picasso gained the inspiration here to paint Les Demoiselles d'Avignon in 1907, the first cubist painting. It looks tiny from the outside, but appears today much as it did in Utrillo's paintings.
Just down the street at 12 rue Cortot is the Musée de Montmartre, which was once an apartment building Renior, Utrillo, Emile Bernard, Suzanne Valadon, and others called home at various times. Many of Renoir's most famous portraits were painted in the garden on the grounds here. And Bernard was good friends with Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh, so it's safe to assume they visited him here.
Our next stop is Le Bateau-Lavoir (the laundry boat) at 13 rue Ravignan, in Place Emile-Goudeau, where Pablo Picasso had a studio from 1904-1912. This might have been the bohemian epicenter; many other artists also lived here from time to time, including Renoir, Juan Gris, Amedeo Modigliani, and Max Jacob. Although the original building was destroyed by a fire in 1970, it was rebuilt several years later. Today, the storefront window is filled with old photographs and documents. There also used to be a shabby hotel nearby, said to be the preferred bohemian lodging for poets and writers.
After leaving Place Emile-Goudeau, we find our way to rue Lepic. At 75 rue Lepic is the Moulin de la Galette, which was immortalized by Pierre-Auguste Renior's 1876 painting. Renior, Toulouse-Lautrec, and van Gogh once frequented the dance hall here, where one of the last two windmills in Montmartre stands today.
Continuing down the long hill on rue Lepic, the street curves to the south near number 54, the building where Vincent van Gogh shared a third floor flat with his brother Theo between March 1886 and February 1888. Unable to afford to pay models to sit for him, van Gogh painted all twenty-four of his self portraits while living in Paris. Today, 54 rue Lepic is quite run down; it's a drab, tired looking building with peeling white paint. The only distinguishing feature is a plaque next to the front door indicating it's the former residence of Vincent and Theo. These days there's a tiny auto repair shop directly across the street.
We follow rue Lepic around the curve and down the hill, where it meets Boulevard de Clichy. Just around the corner at 82 Boulevard de Clichy is the Moulin Rouge. Yes, a movie was made about it, but this night club, synonymous with the can-can, was famous long before that. Jane Avril and Yvette Guilbert were among the dancers to perform here. The Moulin Rouge was also immortalized in the drawings, posters, and paintings of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Frank Sinatra, Ginger Rogers, and Bing Crosby head a long list of other entertainers who have performed here. Today, Las Vegas-style stage shows rule the day.
Near the Place des Abbesses and the Abbesses Métro station (one of two remaining turn of the century art nouveau stations designed by Hector Guimard) is rue André Antoine. Descending the steps of rue André Antoine next to St-Jean l'Evangéliste, we locate number 39, the house where Georges Seurat moved in 1890 and died suddenly from diphtheria in 1891. Seurat's pointillist masterpiece A Sunday on La Grande Jatte—1884 was one of the most controversial paintings of the 19th century. Like van Gogh's apartment building on rue Lepic, today this building is in a state of disrepair.
Present day Montmartre is a mix of old and new, good and bad. Vendors hawking souvenirs hassle you on the terrace below the Sacré-Coeur. The lopsided square at Place Emile-Goudeau, with it's fountain, benches, and thick canopy of chestnut trees provides a pleasant setting. What once must have been a quaint village square, Place du Tertre is now not much more than a mecca for tourists, brimming with commercialism. And for every well maintained historic building such as the Moulin de la Galette and Au Lapin Agile, there's a run down apartment building like 54 rue Lepic with a satellite dish on the roof. Nevertheless, I'm glad I saw this place and walked these streets.
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After returning from Paris I learned there were plenty of things I missed. Toulouse-Lautrec's studio. The building that served as the studio for Fernand Cormon, whose school drew van Gogh to Paris and whose students included Toulouse-Lautrec and Emile Bernard. And a building that once was the site of an Italian cafe called Le Tambourin, where van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec and Bernard once showed their work. I guess this means I'll just have to return to Montmartre and explore again. Only next time I can skip the Place du Tertre.
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