Nijo-jo (jo=Castle) was built during the 17th century by the ruling shogun (warlord) Tokugawa Ieyasu. Although the seat of the government was located in Edo (present-day Tokyo), Kyoto still remained the old capital where the powerless Imperial family lived. Nijo-jo was extravagantly built in Kyoto in a deliberate attempt to remind the Imperial family of the shogun's power and influence. I covered the grounds of Nijo-jo in about 3 hours. Nijo-jo is comprised of two separate palaces (Ninomaru and Honmaru) and their respective palace gardens, as well as other smaller gardens that are enclosed within the outer moat of the palace grounds.
Ninomaru Palace is the only original structure that dates back to the Edo period. Honmaru Palace was destroyed during a great fire back in 1750 and in 1788, and the current Honmaru structure was moved from the Kyoto Imperial Palace grounds between 1893 to 1894. Honmaru Palace is designated as an Important Cultural Property of Japan, and it is only open during special viewing dates. The castle's main attraction is Ninomaru Palace, built by Tokugawa Ieyasu and a designated national treasure. The palace contains 33 different rooms that are linked by countless corridors and sliding doors. The highlight of Ninomaru Palace are its intricate wall-paintings. Each room in the palace served for a specifically-ranked purpose (so the samurai, ministers, ranked officials, and the shogun conducted businesses in their respective rooms). The wall paintings in each room have different motifs (tigers, peacocks, pine trees, blossoms), in many ways representing the use and the ranking of each room. Aside from the wall paintings, the ceiling panels are also different for each palace section, depicting subtle details that helped separate the rooms.
The attention to detail is not only confined to ceiling panels wall paintings. Book-shelf doors were also delicately painted on both sides. There are also countless wooden carvings above the wall paintings that deserve attention. The palace gardens are less impressive, but nevertheless, it is a peaceful stroll. When walking away from Ninomaru Palace's garden, you will enter the Honmaru palace grounds, which is surrounded by another moat. Along its garden trail, you can climb an elevated platform on the western side to get a nice look of the surrounding moat and of Ninomaru Palace.