This amazing building sits on Lake Street and was built to replace the original Unitarian Universalist Church which was destroyed by fire. Frank Lloyd Wright began his design in 1905 but had various obstacles to overcome. He had a small budget, the site was narrow and on a busy street and, the building was required to provide a number of functions. He wanted to build a church that was more in the style of an ancient temple and it was his specific request that the "church" should be named a temple.
Construction began in 1906 and took until 1908 at a cost of around $60,000. He utilised reinforced concrete slabs that were made with cement and crushed red granite throughout the site. The walls, roofs, and floors were constructed using pea gravel and crushed stone, all of which added texture and warmth to the building. He was also one of the earliest pioneers of the use of poured liquid concrete which could essentially be moulded into virtually any shape. The use of so much concrete fitted in well with the low budget but the end results were stunning.
For the interior, FLW used transparent glass for doors, windows, skylights and light fittings and the delicacy of this was in sharp juxtaposition to the huge concrete formed slabs that formed much of the exterior and interior, including the altar, balconies, and hearth. Wright also used a great deal of oak to fine detail in the doors and window frames, as well as using it to form concentric banding on many concrete surfaces and on the organ screen. It’s this banding that serves to bind together the various areas of space within the temple and accentuates the plasticity of the concrete structures. It also highlights FLW’s intimate attention to detail.
The interior concrete surfaces are plastered and are painted in soft yellow, grey, and green. This allows the maximum amount of light to be reflected around the interior, courtesy of the art-glass laylights in the ceiling. Each balcony has a row of clerestory windows running above and these were set directly into the concrete rather than using traditional frames, allowing an easier transition between interior and exterior spaces.
The hanging lamp fixtures are in a Japanese style and again, the spherical globes contrast with the cubism of the building. They are suspended on long cords which have the effect of lowering the roof height.
Most of the furniture inside was designed by Wright including the pews but these were never built due to cost constraints.
The Unity Temple is a joy to discover and explore. It is open to visitors all day as long as it is in use and there are no restraints on photography anywhere within. The charming lady who took my $8 admission pointed out the scale model that sat just behind her and politely suggested that I make it my first stop to get a real idea of how the temple is laid out and the logical way in which to view it. All areas of the interior are accessible to visitors and the temple seemed to have a good regular "clientele" who appeared to be listening to a bible reading. No-one minds as you wander around their temple, snapping away to your heart’s content at the inspiring architecture.
I’m not a religious person, but if I were, then I would love to be able to worship in such a beautiful temple as this.
The Unity Temple sits at 875 Lake Street at N. Kenilworth Avenue.
Opening hours are: March-November, Monday through Friday from 10:30am to 4:30pm, Saturday and Sunday from 1pm to 4pm. December-February, every day from 1pm to 4pm.
Guided tours are available Saturday and Sunday only at 1pm, 2pm, and 3pm.
Tel. (708) 383-8873 Web
www.unitytemple-utrf.org