Built after Penang Island was taken possession of by the British in 1786, Fort Cornwallis was named for the 18th-century governor of Bengal. (As a footnote in American history, this is the same General Cornwallis who surrendered at Yorktown to the American-French Army under George Washington.) Captain Sir Francis Light originally built the fort with a nibong (palm trunk) stockade.
Fort Cornwallis is laid out as a star-shaped fortification with thick brick and stone walls. From 1804 through 1810, the fort was rebuilt with bricks and stones by Indian convict labor during Colonel R.T. Farquhar’s term as governor of Penang and completed during Norman Macalister’s term as Governor of Penang at the cost of $80,000.
Even though the fort was originally built for the Royal artillery troops and the military, its actual function was more an administrative rather than defense role. In its entire history, the fort had never been engaged in any battle. Apart from being used for basing some British Royal artillery troops, the fort was also occupied at one time by the Sikh Police of the Straits Settlements during the 1920s.
The remains of the fort are worth seeing for the cheap admission price charged. There is a lot that could be done at the fort to make it a much more interesting historical site, but it seems the interactive historical approach has not yet made its way to Penang. Several of the old rooms in the walls house artifacts dug up from recent digs at the fort. But some parts of the fort are in disrepair, with horses grazing on the back walls.
Fort Cornwallis could be a great attraction if it became a showcase area, and the government or nonprofit organizations improved what is available there already to become a really good living museum.