It all began on October 1, 1958 when the National Aeronautics and Space Administration was born with this simple statement: ". . . to provide for research into the problems of flight within and outside the Earth’s atmosphere and for other purposes". Just one year before on October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union successfully launched the Sputnik 1.
The race was on.
Project Mercury (1961-1963) was designed to see if man could survive in space and on May 5, 1961 Alan Shepard, Jr. rode a Mercury Capsule on a 15-minute suborbital mission. John Glenn was the first American Astronaut to orbit the Earth in 1962.
Project Gemini (1965-1966) consisted of 10 flights and introduced the two-man spacecraft. On June 3, 1965, Gemini 4 Astronaut, Edward H. White, Jr. became the first American to walk in space.
Then came Project Apollo (1968-1972). In response to President John F. Kennedy announcement on May 25, 1961, "I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" Apollo 11 put the first humans on the Moon with the famous quote by Neil Armstrong on July 20, 1969 " that’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" fulfilling Kennedy’s dream.
And who could forget the Apollo 13 near-disaster, when the cliché "Houston, we have a problem" came into being.
From this beginning came satellites in space (Echo, Telstar, Relay and Syncom) Skylab, the Space Shuttle program, launching and repairing the Hubble Space Telescope, the International Space Station, countless scientific discoveries and just recently the successful landing of the Sprit and Opportunity on the Martian surface, which may point to the possibility that life may has or still exists out there!
Of course, there have been tragedies along the way. In 1967, Roger Chaffe, Gus Grissom and Edward White died in a fire in their Apollo capsule while on the ground. In 1986 The Challenger crew was lost when the main liquid fuel tanks exploded just after liftoff and in 2002 Columbia disintegrated over the U.S. killings all onboard after a successful mission in space.
NASA Quote: Our exploration of space has taught us to view the Earth, ourselves and the universe in a new way. While the tremendous technical and scientific accomplishments of NASA demonstrate vividly that humans can achieve previously inconceivable feats, we also are humbled by the realization that Earth is just a tiny "blue marble" in the cosmos,