The Romantic Road runs north to south through the center of Bavaria. It is an ancient trade route, and one of it's primary medieval destinations was the city of Rothenburg. It was bustling city of over 6,000,the second-largest free city in Germany, in the Middle Ages, and its sphere of influence extended for miles around. The city was very safe, as it held an impenetrable wall, which closed every evening. Those arriving at the gate too late at night were admitted through a "man hole" (small, man-sized doorway) in only one of the gates, and they had to be personally known to the gate keeper.
Two events were responsible for Rothenburg's fall, and eventual preservation for 20th and 21st century tourists. The first event was the 30 years' war, a religious war of Protestants against Catholics. To this day, northern Germany is primarily Protestant, and southern Germany, Catholic. Rothenburg was on the losing side, and lost many people, and many of the remaining population was affected by the Plague. The town became poor, the surrounding lands were lost, and no new building was done for centuries.
The town was discovered as a tourist destination in the 1920's and an American woman who visited the town later gave birth to a boy who became a US general in WWII. An important Nazi general fled Munich and hid in Rothenburg, which the allies bombed one time, but the mother of this general influenced her son's mercy to the rest of the town, and there was no more bombing. The parts of the town bombed were painstakingly rebuilt, and the town now appears as it did 400 years ago.
We took an English language tour at 8 pm by an actor (a resident of Rothenburg) portraying a night watchman. This was an entertaining and is a highly recommended tour.
The town tends to fill up with day trippers in the midday, but at night and morning, the town is a pleasure to stroll, and of course, shop. An overnight is highly recommended.