Terracotta Warriors

MichaelJM
MichaelJM
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Editor Pick

The Beautiful Scary Warriors

  • October 13, 2009
  • Rated 5 of 5 by garymarsh6 from Gravesend, United Kingdom
The Beautiful Scary Warriors

The Terracotta Warriors. Xian


When I was fourteen I remember watching with mouth agog at the news reports of the discovery of the terracotta warriors in Xian, China. They were accidentally discovered by a group of farmers who were drilling a well for water. They came across some unusual pieces of pottery. The authorities heard about it and a delegation was sent to examine the pieces of pottery. It was quickly identified as pottery from around the time of the first Emperor and this was quickly relayed to more senior officials. Shortly followed a massive influx of archaeologists who started to dig and found the terracotta warriors who were supposed to be the guards of the tomb of the First Emperor of China Qin Shi Huang who was born around 259BC. He inherited the throne at the age of 13 years old and began building his own mausoleum which took 11 years to build.

Hearing that they had been discovered by rural farmers drilling a well for water near Xian I wrongly assumed Xian would be a little rural village. WRONG. Xian is infact a major city of over 8 million people and the actual site of the warriors is some distance from the city about an hours drive away. It was once the capital city of China and is quite historical in itself.

The mausoleum was a massive complex and he ordered that the tomb should be guarded by an army to deter grave robbers. In his mausoleum he would have been buried with lots of treasure and valuable items including pottery jewellery and weapons so that his existence in the after life would be as comfortable as it was on earth.

It appears that over the many years that it had been buried it had in fact been discovered by grave robbers who stole lots of valuable pieces they had also tried to destroy the terracotta statues by smashing them to bits and trying to set fire to them.


The terracotta warriors are housed in three massive hanger type buildings and less than a quarter of them have been unearthed so far. Estimates put the terracotta warriors of around 8000 statues plus 130 chariots and 520 horses. They have been painstakingly dug out of the earth covering them. Some of the pieces were broken so they have been put back together. What is absolutely amazing no two terracotta warriors are the same each individual warrior is different in some way either by the size of their eyes, the nose, mouth, moustache, uniform the way they are standing, the arms they are holding it is truly remarkable to see so many variations of the warriors. The body was made separately from the heads arms and legs which were then individually added and facial expressions added to ensure each one was unique.

Once the warrior was made he was placed in one of the pits according to the rank he was supposed to represent. Generals were taller than normal soldiers and would take pride of place at the front of each column. There followed chariots with three warriors riding it and being led by a footman, archers, infantrymen all lined up in front of each other in columns that were in long corridors that were lined with bricks to support the wooden roof which was covered in clay then covered in earth. There are signs of burning as the grave robbers tried to destroy evidence of there misdeeds. Each of the warriors held real weapons of which many had been stolen however those weapons that were found were incredibly well preserved and razor sharp. The lead arrow heads were said to have been impregnated with poison

Two massive bronze chariots were also discovered which were adorned with 1700 pieces of gold and silver on them. These are housed in a separate hall and are still completely intact fortunately not having been discovered by the grave robbers. There are 3400 separate parts to each of the chariots which indicates the kind of skilled workmanship that went into making each of them.


The terracotta warriors are a magnificent sight to see and the amount of workmanship that had taken place to build the tomb must have been a monumental task and taken ages. It was said that the workers who created the warriors were buried alive but there is no evidence of this also the people who finished off the burials had their tongues removed so they would not divulge the secret burial site to anyone but again there is no real evidence of this and may just be stories made up to make it more mystical and mysterious.

The grounds are very beautiful with areas to sit and relax in with ornamental ponds and trees dotted around. There are cafeterias and also gift shops to buy souvenirs of the warriors and other bits and pieces. There are some local hawkers who will try to sell you boxes of imitation warriors. Although there were many visitors when we went the place is so vast you do not feel crowded at all. You walk around the outside of the great halls looking into the pits and you are free to take photos.

It costs 90 Yuan to visit the museum which was equivalent to just under two pounds for the visit. This was remarkable value considering the historical nature and the vastness of the find. I would heartily recommend a visit if you are in China as it is well worth it and a memory you will never forget.



From journal Highlights of China

Editor Pick

Xian’s Terracotta Warriors

  • March 11, 2008
  • Rated 5 of 5 by SeenThat from Tel Aviv, Israel
Xian’s Terracotta Warriors

Despite the thin layer of snow covering the ground, the strong wind and the cold – the temperature was well below the freezing point – the huge army stood still and seemed ready to initiate the attack at any second. The horses kept silence and bravely stared at the foreign visitor aiming a camera at them.

The feat is less remarkable once the fact the army was made of burned terracotta was introduced into the equation. However, at that precise instant, the artisans’ feat became evident. Every warrior’s face was unique.

The megalomaniac Great Wall could be partially justified by its defensive value; however, the no less extravagant 8099 Terracotta Warriors – measuring between 1.84m and 1.97m - in Xian were a purely egotistic work: they were buried underground together with its despotic creator.

Getting There

The modern and comfortable bus 306 leaves from the huge parking lot in front of the train station and it is marked Bingmayong, the Chinese name of the site. After leaving Xian, the bus passes through the town of Lintong - 30km east of Xian - and then advances another seven kilometers to the warriors’ site.

The trip costs 5Y and longs 55 minutes if the way is clear; due to the congestion at Xian’s entrance, the way back took ninety minutes the day I visited. Hence, it is a good idea to delay the return until after the working hours; visiting the Tomb of Qin Shihuang, the first emperor, which is just 1.5km before the Terracotta Warriors site, is a good way to solve the problem.

Entrance

Chinese are pragmatic people. The Starbucks branch that operated for seven years within the Purple Forbidden City is a good proof of that – despite coffee being a foreign guest in the Chinese cuisine.

Consequently, the entrance to the complex is a sight by itself; a long market runs along the access road. The improvised shopping mall is barely related to the adjacent attraction. Some guides and souvenirs are available - the site photographs book which at the museum shop costs 130Y and here is being sold at half price by quite aggressive touts - but most stalls specialize on snacks, hot drinks, and products typical of the area – like furs products designed to cope with the harsh climate.

Food

There aren’t any attractive options here, except for the improvised stalls alongside the market by the entrance. Bringing a thermos with hot drinks during the winter is recommended.

History

The site was discovered only in 1974, when a farmer attempted to dig a water-well; the site is near Lishan Hill, from where the terracotta needed for the warriors originates.

The army was buried by the Qin Emperor Shi Huangdi in 210BC. He reigned from 247BC to 221BC, and is best remembered for having unified China. The construction began as soon as he assumed power and it is believed to have been the result of 700000 artisans.

The site was a replica of his universe in expensive materials, with liquid mercury symbolizing rivers and lakes, gems for stars and real sized warriors. The bodies of many men were found within it; it is believed they were craftsmen working in the site, which were prevented in such a way from telling the site’s secrets.

The emperor’s tomb is nearby, within a seventy-six meters high pyramid which has not been opened until now, due to the lack of technical means to assure a proper job.

The Sites

From ancient times, thousands of real-size terracotta warriors and their horses wait to hordes of backpackers in search of good pictures; despite their battle-formation and angry faces, the first sight of the place is an unforgettable one.

The complex is divided into three sites and a museum, all of them arranged around a central yard. Sites number two and three or the museum sites are the logical start if you prefer keeping the best for the end.

Site number one contains a whole army in formation, and despite that the armament was taken away to the museum, the typical standing of crossbow and longbow bearers and other soldiers with spears and dagger-axes as well as chariots and horses can be easily recognized.

The light entering from the high, narrow windows throws light in soft angles, which manages to get the best from the warriors. Despite the redundant signs, the guards do not care if you take a few pictures, a practice performed by most visitors.

In a positive and surprising step, the place was left to speak for itself; no artificial ornaments spoil the effect caused by the endless lines of warriors. Each with a unique face, sometimes showing traces of ancient colors, the frozen army waits for the princess’ kiss to awake it.

From journal Xian: The Western Garden

Editor Pick

Terracotta Warriors

  • June 1, 2005
  • Rated 5 of 5 by MichaelJM from Nottingham, England
Terracotta Warriors

I don’t know of anyone who doesn’t want to see the Terracotta Warriors, and I’ve nursed an ambition for several years to see them in all their glory. And I’m certainly pleased I did. We’d been told that photography was not allowed, but I’m pleased to say that it is now permitted as long as you don’t try to use a tripod (these are expressly forbidden).

It’s a large complex, and being short on time, we took the 5RMB, open-sided bus ride up to the top. This is the cost of the return journey and makes short work of the uphill climb to the museum. Effectively, there are four buildings that you must visit. We went to the museum first, which housed the golden chariots and horses. These have been beautifully restored and are protected from the elements in sealed glass units. The chariots’ parasols look stunning, still protecting the rider from the elements and the lead horse, with its head plume standing proudly, ready to guide the other horses forward. I was less interested in the next section of the museum, which felt more like propaganda, as display cabinets sported photographs of international dignitaries who had visited the site.

Next we were advised to view the panoramic film presentation of the history of the birth and destruction of the Warriors. This did put the whole site into perspective and enabled me to view the "actual" Warriors with a basic knowledge of their place in history. It was a good film and about the right length. Now we were ready to make the journey to the home of the warriors. A short brisk walk and I could feel the excitement rising. We go up some steps and then enter the massive arena that houses the treasured warriors. I could smell the clay and almost feel history as the warriors appeared in my line of vision. Many stood erect, some without heads, and countless figures lay in various states of disarray, having been destroyed by the collapse of the vault’s roof or the mindless vandalism of marauding troops.

We both stand in awe, gazing at the figures, all with their own character and distinguishing marks. It was said that the emperor threatened to kill any of the men if they failed to produce a perfect figure or if there were similarities between the figures. No twins here! It’s best to forget the notion of restoration and just remind yourself that what you see is a small percentage of the whole. A second building contains less well-maintained warriors, although there are some superb horses and clear evidence to support the story of a rampant fire in one of the vault’s corridors – you can clearly see the charred remains of a wooden beam.

Amusingly, our guide had told us, in a hushed whisper, that we might be fortunate enough to see the "old man who found the site." Guess who was at a book signing!

From journal East of Xian

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