Durbar Square

Sharon
Sharon
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Editor Pick

Board a taxi in Kathmandu and say…

  • November 27, 2009
  • Rated 5 of 5 by SeenThat from Tel Aviv, Israel
Board a taxi in Kathmandu and say…


Certain peculiarities of cultures may make them difficult for the traveler. Strange languages written in unknown alphabets are one of them. Other relate to different conventions. In Thailand and Laos, a province, a district and a city may feature the same name. Locals would refer to them just using the words: "province," "district" and "city." That makes a lot of sense of you are a denizen, but unluckily, regardless the place in the country the traveler is, the locals would claim he is in the "muang." Confusing.

Hardly surprising is the fact that Nepal has a local equivalent called "Durbar." Every one of the Kathmandu’s valley three cities (Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur) has a Durbar Square. All three of them were recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Board a taxi in Kathmandu and say: "to Durbar Square." "Which one?" would be the answer in the best case. "The UNESCO World Heritage Site" would be another wrong statement uttered by the traveler. A short trip to Bakhtapur – the farthest one from downtown Kathmandu - would be the result in the worst case.

Simply, Durbar Square is the generic name for the plaza opposite the former royal palaces on each one of these cities; "durbar" is the name for a royal palace.

Why bother visiting them? Simply, these squares are surrounded by temples which are the epitome of Nepali architecture and Newari wood carving. This is where strikingly beautiful pagodas transfer the traveler to another world, where statues are gods and living persons are sometimes recognized as such. Durbar Square(s) is the reason many visit Kathmandu, even if they do not know its name, or its meaning.

Most of the buildings date back to the 16th and 17th centuries, though older ones exist. The original palace – which does not exist anymore – was built circa 1000 AD. Until the 19th century the palace next to the square was the royal residence. Even now, the square is the stage of important religious ceremonies, like Indra Jatra (see this journal).

In fact, Durbar Square is a compund of three small squares and the streets connecting them. It has a definite medieval ambience, with no signs of an underlying plan, nor any modern touches.

Access

The area is better visited during the early morning or the evening; guides should be avoided, if wishing one, contract him through the tickets office. Despite the area being open and well connected to the town, tourists are supposed to buy a visiting ticket; policemen in the compound may ask to see it. Several types of tickets are offered, beginning with a daily one and ending with the monthly option. The last is the best fore those planning a trek, in such a way they can visit the square – the major attraction in the city – before and after the trek. A passport sized picture is needed for getting this card.

A good timing for the visit is the Indra Jatra festival, especially if planning a trek in the Everest region just before the end of the season.

Taleju Temple

These two towers at the center of the main square and in front of the palace is the best known landmark of the complex. Atop pyramid shaped bases, are two three-tiered temples (the tallest of this type is five tiered and in Bhaktapur).

Sitting on the pyramidal bases is best for enjoying events on the square. If planning to witness Indra Jatra from there, arriving a few hours early is recommended.

Hanuman Dhoka

This is the palace’s side entry. At its gate is a Hanuman – a monkey god – covered with so much mustard oil and vermilion that its features cannot be elucidated anymore.

Kumari Chowk

Kumari is the name of a living goddess, a girl that holds the position until she touches the ground or loses blood. Her palace is perpendicular to the royal one and sections of it can be visited. The goddess is one of the participants of the Indra Jatra festival, when she is carried on a hand held carriage along the square. Her house windows features what is may be the best sample of Newari wood carving.

Sweta Bhairab

Behind a heavy door, this statue is shown only for three days a year during the Indra Jatra festival, see picture. During the last evening of the festival beer is spilled through a small tube placed in the statue’s mouth, to the joy of the denizens.

Kala Bhairab

Similar to the former, but accessible at all times, is this image in which Kala Bhairab steps on a human corpse, symbolizing ignorance. "Kala" means "black," as in Kala Pattar. Bhairab is Shiva in its most fearful incarnation, with six arms holding various weapons, and a headdress and belt of skulls. Completing the theme, nearby is the Saraswati Temple which belongs to the goddess of knowledge and learning.

Shiva Parvati

This complex is on the northern side of the square and includes a long building with shrines to Shiva and Parvati. Next to it is the Manju Deval, probably the most beautiful temple in the whole area. This three tiered temple is similar to the Taleju Temple, but its base is more beautiful, looking like an inverse image of the temple’s roof tiers. It is also dedicated to Shiva.

Jagannath

This temple features wood carvings of Hindu gods on its doors, windows and roof. When built it was dedicated to Vishnu, but later Jagannath won the honor.

Nasal Chowk

Named after the statue of a dancing Krishna, this temple was the Shah kings crowning place.

Mul Chowk

This temple is open once a year during the Dashain Festival (I left the town for a trek one day after Indra Jatra and returned in time for Dashain), when buffaloes and goats are sacrificed to the goddess Taleju.

Kasthamandap

Literally meaning "Wood House," this is the structure that gave Kathmandu its name, though it is usually referred to as Maru Sattal. The building was supposedly built from a single tree, again featuring a three-tiered roof. Originally it was a gathering place, later it became a shrine for Gorakhnath, whose image is at its center.

This is not all

Reviewing all the temples, structures and work arts in the complex would be the theme for a book and beyond the scope of such an entry.

Yet, there is a very definite medieval ambience to the place that cannot be attributed to any single structure; it is the result of their relative setup. There is no better way of experiencing this than walking from Thamel to the square. In such a way, the last would be accessed through the north, from Makhan Tole. A narrow street with no sidewalks, but with cows, rikshas and monkeys connects both through a swaying path that definitely belongs to medieval times – the smell of incense seems to be the result of the last camels’ caravan that crossed the city – and makes the perfect prelude for a visit to Kathmandu’s heart.

From journal Kathmandu’s Medieval Wonders

Editor Pick

Historic Durbar Square

  • March 23, 2007
  • Rated 5 of 5 by MailaDai from Bedford, Texas
Historic Durbar Square

Durbar Square is a historic cultural heritage of Kathmandu. It is about 15 minutes walk stretch. But you will find numerous things to see and do in that 15 minute walk. It actually starts from Bishal Bazaar Supermarket at New Road.

As you enter the cobblestone-covered street towards Basantapur, you will find numerous Nepali handicrafts shopping stores and eateries on either sides of the street. There is also sort of flee market in small carts, and the most interesting one is the vendors who sell "Momos", a Nepali style dumplings. They taste very good but you need to be careful about your health. You might get sick of food poison.

As you walk further you will see a wide open area called Basantapur where more street vendors have their handicrafts laid on the ground for sale. Beware! You might get ripped off. You need to bargain a lot.

If you turn left, is the famous Freak Street also known as “Jhochen” clearly pronounced as “Jho-chey”, heaven for hippies some time in the past. You will find lots of good restaurants and bars in that street.

Right across Basantapur is the royal palace “Durbar Square” which is a white building looking totally different than other buildings around. Now it is a museum which is accessible for some entrance fee. There you will find history of the royal families.

You will also find the home of the living god "Kumari", Lord Shiva and Parvati Temple, Kasthamandap Temple (made up from a single giant tree), Lord Ganesh Temple, Lord Kaal Bhairav Temple, statue of Monkey God (Hanuman), small Pasupathianth Tample, The Big Bell, and many other artistic temples in the vicinity.

Now due to the growing population in Kathmandu, this place is always so crowded. Plenty of shops to shop around. You always need to make sure that you bargain if you want to buy anything. It is recommended to be there during festivals like Indra Jatra, Ghai Jatra (Cow Festival), Ghode Jatra (Horse Festival), Bada Dashain if you really want to catch a glance of the essence of some cool Nepalese festivals.

If you want to know about the culture of Kathmandu, this place is highly recommended to visit.

From journal Sweet Home Kathmandu

Kathmandu Durbar Square

  • October 7, 2006
  • Rated 5 of 5 by tintala from boulder, Colorado
Durbar Square is within walking distance from anywhere in Kathmandu, ancient architecture give this place an ambience that's not felt anywhere else. "KATHMANDU" means "THE WOODEN STAGE" as defined by the Newaris , the first people to settle in the valley. Due to its "handcarved , teak wood" windows that still function and teak accents that captivate your senses . Also called "freak street" where the hippies in the 70's stayed, even Jimi Hendrix stayed here! Hashish was even legal back in the 70's until the U.S government stepped in... Durbar has guest house options and an outdoor market which is like a walk thru a Grateful Dead Concert. Amazing things to be had here, from statues to bed spreads and incense. One can even acquire a GORKHA KNIFE, as used by the Nepalese Gorkha soldiers the most feared in the world! It is quite a view as you stroll between the markets and Pagodas that are centuries old! It definitely takes you back at least few hundred years. Be prepared to pay the $10 entrance fee which is worth it and supports the upkeep of this "WORLD HERITAGE" site. With its location a short walk away to Thamel where all the tourist usually stay to anticipate their trek. In the alley ways are also remnants of the way it used to be. Such as the teak windows and balconies that gave Kathmandu its name. These wooden stages are as amazing to look at as the Pagodas themselves. The real one, however, would be in Bhaktapur and Patan, a must see!

From journal A Month in Nepal

Editor Pick

Durbar Square, Kathmandu

  • November 15, 2002
  • Rated 4 of 5 by stevepage from dundee, United Kingdom
Durbar Square, Kathmandu

The Kathmandu valley grew up around four towns - each of which had their own Durbar (palace) so be careful when you ask for a taxi as they could take you to any one of the four. The principal Durbar Square is in Kathmandu City and we walked it in the following route. Starting at New Road you need to pay an entrance fee - if you are going to be in town for a while then go up to the conservation office near the Kumari house where you can get your ticket extended for free (you need your passport) and thus saving the entrance fee every time - handy as many roads lead to the square so you could be cutting through it regularly.

Anyway back to the walk - go straight ahead and on your right you have the Old Royal Palace - with four pagoda pillars representing each of the four cities, on the left is Freak Street - once home to the guesthouses and cafes that marked the end of the hippy trail. This is adjacent to a wide open area which usually has a range of craft stalls catering for tourists. At the end of the open area is the Kumari house - home to the living goddess of Nepal - the current Kumari is five years old. As you approach the Kumari House then the square opens up before you and its no surprise that cameras are always out and about here - the place is really impressive - even moreso if this is your first experience of temple architecture in the city.

In the square is a whole array of buildings, including Kathmandsap - the building that gave the city its name, Large drums - and we are talking big here - to ward off evil spirits, various other bells, Hindu temples galore and an array of local people that’s a travellers dream - you know that you've arrived in a different culture that’s for sure.

Most of the tourist touts seem to hang about on the north side of the square so by entering from a southerly direction you are likely to get less hassle as you'll be leaving by the time you meet them. The reason that they are here is that a few minutes to the North is Thamel - the main district where tourist accommodation and shops are, so is where most tourists enter the square.

Also in the square is the Old Royal Palace - the big white building where there's a museum which is hidden away past a series of armed guards, making you think you shouldnt be there or that you're walking into some army barracks!

From journal Sights and Sounds of Kathmandu

Patan’s Durbar Square

  • December 21, 2001
  • Rated 3 of 5 by Leesa from Brighton, United Kingdom
Patan’s Durbar Square

The final in our list of Durbar Squares, we found this the most interesting. The buildings are more closely packed (I read that many of Durbar Squares in Kathmandu were leveled by earthquakes) so everywhere you look you see layers of different buildings and Newari architecture. We arrived in the late afternoon when this patchwork was further enhanced by candles twinkling from the temple buildings.

The wooden carvings, too, to my mind were more accessible. We spent 20-30 minutes in the first courtyard we came to (Mul Chowk) admiring each intricately carved roof strut, depicting Hindu characters such as a two-foot eight-armed Ganesh, in turn.

Plagued by a few would-be-guides, and with no temples accessible to non-Hindus to climb out of the way, we found a rooftop bar overlooking the square watching the dusk fall against the twinkling temple lights below.

From journal Kathmandu

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