Taksim Square is in Beyoglu, which comprised the European area during Ottoman times. It is littered with traffic and people, and is flanked by modern buildings, hotels and restaurants on all of its sides. It is also one of "the" bus terminals, and access to Istiklal Caddesi, which needs its own story book.
One of the anchors of the square is the modern, five star hotel, the Marmara. Your eyes will also come to rest on the ubiquitous McDonald arches. There are also a couple of notable monuments at opposite ends of the square: one is the Ataturk Cultural Center, where various concerts are held including the International Summer Festival and the other is the Republic Monument (scroll all the way down to see the picture and text) which dates from the early 1920's.
The city's metro has one of its terminals under the square.
There are many benches which welcome Sunday newspaper readers, young mothers with their charges, and lovers alike.
This is also the turnaround point for the red tram which is the only vehicle permitted on Istiklal Street on Sundays. By the way, the best means of getting to this place is to take a bus. It's cheap, fast, and you can make it from Europe to Asia in about twenty minutes. We had great fun watching the driver negotiate the streets with the skill of a race driver. Live dangerously!