Of course a historic city like Amsterdam has its diverse museums. For enjoying your stay in Holland, one must know more about her history.
Scheepvaartmuseum(nautical museum) - Located on Kattenburg, next to the navy barracks. Walkable from the central station, although there are some busses crossing that site. In this museum the history of the Nautical supremacy of the Dutch empire during the colonial phase can be experienced. Also some more modern age is displayed. Main attraction, of course, is the replica of the VOC ship, The Amsterdam, next to the museum that can be visited.
Rijksmuseum(situated on the museum plein) - This museum is an impressive building on its own. The plans to renovate this museum in its original state, as well as modernize it, will be a piece of art by itself. Although preperations have just started, my guess is that you will be impressed.
The museum is of course famous for the Nachtwacht by Rembrandt(nightwatch). This museum also has a rich variety of Dutch history within its walls. And of course is heaven for both art lovers and thieves.
Van Gogh Museum (situated at the van Baerlestraat, at the museum lein) -
Speaks for itself, also contains other impressionist expositions.
Stedelijk Museum (next to the van Gogh for now, though it might move, do not know when) - Contains various forms of art, and changes expositions frequently. Has broad collection of the art form the style (de stijl, Modriaan, Doesburg). It''s worth a visit.
Alan Pierson Museum (situated at the Rokin) - An archeological museum with various topics.
Tropisch museum (tropical museum) - Next to the Oosterpark, (forgot name of street). With tropical gardens filled with species, this is heaven for a botanic oriented person. Of course if one is interested in tropical plants without smoking them, just take a look.